On 25 February 2026, the European Union and the United Kingdom signed the EU–UK Competition Cooperation Agreement (CCA), establishing a structured framework for cooperation between the European Commission, EU Member State competition authorities, and the UK’s Competition and Markets Authority (CMA). This agreement significantly strengthens institutional coordination on competition enforcement following Brexit.
Background and legal framework
The CCA supplements the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) and is the first bilateral arrangement focused solely on cooperation in competition law enforcement. Its main objective is to enable more effective interaction between authorities in cross-border cases, especially in antitrust investigations and merger control.
Key mechanisms of cooperation
A key feature of the agreement is the establishment of mechanisms for mutual notification of significant investigations, allowing authorities to inform each other when enforcement actions may affect the other jurisdiction. The framework also promotes closer coordination in investigative activities, including discussions on enforcement approaches during parallel proceedings. This cooperation is particularly important in complex markets where business activities cross borders.
Confidentiality and information sharing
The agreement includes safeguards to protect confidential information. Information sharing is governed by strict confidentiality rules, and sharing company-specific data requires the consent of the relevant undertaking. These measures ensure that cooperation does not compromise procedural rights or the protection of commercially sensitive information.
Policy rationale and enforcement implications
From a policy perspective, the agreement addresses the growing need for international coordination in competition enforcement. As markets become more integrated and digital, antitrust and merger investigations increasingly involve conduct or transactions affecting multiple jurisdictions. Structured cooperation improves enforcement efficiency, reduces duplication, and enhances consistency in regulatory outcomes.
Implications for businesses
For businesses operating in both the EU and the UK, the agreement may lead to greater alignment and coordination between enforcement authorities, particularly in global mergers or major antitrust investigations. However, firms may also face parallel but coordinated scrutiny from both jurisdictions, emphasising the need for robust competition-law compliance strategies.
Conclusion
The EU–UK Competition Cooperation Agreement will take effect once both parties complete ratification. Once in force, it is expected to play a key role in shaping future EU–UK cooperation in competition policy and enforcement.
